De Novo Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Genes’ Specific Expression in Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Callus

While the progress made in vitro culture of Chinese fir has produced satisfactory results, further improvements are warranted. To understand mechanism somatic embryogenesis (SE) fir, we conducted phenotypic observations, physiological and biochemical measurements, transcriptome analysis embryonic (EC) non-embryogenic callus (NEC) to provide a scientific basis for SE this species. We found that EC NEC showed significant morphological physiological-biochemical indicators differences. Compared with NEC, had higher levels soluble protein proline lower malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT). Callus sequencing assembled 152,229 unigenes, 438 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, including transcription factor-related (TFs), DNA methylation-related, cell wall component protein, signal transduction-related, stress response-related. GO KEGG enrichment analyses DEGs identified starch sucrose, glutathione, cysteine methionine metabolism as most representative pathways significantly enriched associated proliferation embryogenesis. For first time, specific patterns gene expression through comparison between callus, 16-year-old cambium, drought-stressed tissue seedlings. In 75.1% co-expressed cambium seedlings, 24.9% only specifically callus. from indicated 68.2 31.8% expressed, respectively. These results provided rapid propagation, which is expected have theoretical practical significance.